Tiger Conservation in the changing world: tying `non-tigers, forests and community' together Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR) is the southernmost Tiger habitat in the Western Ghats. This is the 17 th Tiger Reserve in India and 1 st in Tamil Nadu. KMTR is known for several endemic plants and endangered animal species. KMTR is part of UNESCO‘s Biosphere Reserves and over 14 rivers originate from KMTR so is popularly known as rivers sanctuary. The perennial river Tamiraparani which originates from KMTR is the lifeline for Tirunelveli, Tenkasi, Thoothukudi and part of Virudhunagar and Kanyakumari districts. There are not many human settlements within KMTR compared to any other Tiger Reserves in the Western Ghats. However, there are over 250 villages located in the buffer of KMTR. Prior to 1992, the villagers collected fuelwood and fodder from the reserve and they also sent their cattle to the reserve for grazing. To overco...